Şafak Erdem was born in Istanbul in 1993. He completed her primary, secondary and high school education in Istanbul. In his bachelor’s degree, he studied philosophy and sociology at Boğaziçi University, also in Istanbul. He continues to do his master’s degree in philosophy.

Some challenges the UK faces

Great Britain rose to the status of monetary hegemon in 1871 with widespread adoption of the gold standard. During the gold standard of the late nineteenth century, Britain became the

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France: the war economy and beyond

Since Russia’s military operation in Ukraine launched on February 24, militarization in Europe has accelerated. Two countries are leading the way: Germany and France. French President Emmanuel Macron’s declaration on

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A review on Ukrainian refugees

Russia’s military campaign against Ukraine, launched on February 24, has caused hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians to flee the country. How many Ukrainians have emigrated? Which countries did the Ukrainian

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A leaky US

In the United States, the leak of a draft Supreme Court decision to revoke the right to abortion, known as “Roe v. Wade” 1973 decision, has brought the credibility of

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