To answer the question posed in the title of this article, it is useful to outline certain contextual facts regarding the conjunctural background of the Mecca Agreement, signed between Türkiye, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia, which is stated to be the result of approximately 2.5 years of preparation. To summarize: 1. The global weakening of American hegemony has two fundamental consequences ...
Egypt has not been absent from the regional coordination landscape, nor does it need to prove its presence by joining new military alliances or blocs. Cairo remains committed to coordination with its partners, foremost among them Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan, but on its own terms and in line with its national interests and established principles. At the heart of ...
By Adem Kılıç, Political Scientist The joint defense agreement signed recently in Mecca by Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan should be regarded as an agreement that will have major implications not only for the region but also for the emerging new world order. Although global media and various actors have focused particularly on the provision that “an armed attack against ...